
El «Guernica«, ¿Sera el cuadro más famoso del mundo? Bueno, se dice que lo vienen a ver miles y miles diariamente. Yo lo he visitado unas cuantas veces y con tanta gente en el salon (del Museo Reina Sofia) apenas se le puede hacer una fotografía, o mucho menos hacerse un selfie con él. Pero bueno, el cuadro tiene tela marinera… Pintado por Pablo Picasso en 1937, y ojo que le tomó solo dos meses en completar y el lienzo mide 776,6 cm × 349,3 cm.
El titulo alude al bombardeo del pueblo de Gernika, en Euskadi, durante la guerra civil española. Pero Picasso no lo pintó por indignación ni por hacer un planteamiento politico. No, lo pintó por un encargo de Max Aub, director general de Bellas Artes, y a petición del Gobierno de la Segunda República Española. La idea era exponerlo en el pabellón español durante la Exposición Internacional de 1937 en París. O sea, para ayudar a la posición de la República durante la guerra civil. Y le pagaron 200 mil francos.
Dato curioso: El «coste del Guernica supuso el 15 por 100 del costo total del pabellón español, unas nueve veces más que el precio máximo que hasta entonces había logrado Picasso por lo mejor pagado de su arte», (De la Puente, pp. 78-79).
Al comenzar la dictadura de Franco, Picasso permitió que el cuadro se lo llevaran al Museo de arte moderna de Nueva York (MoMA). El museo tuvo que devolverlo, reconociendo que los españoles lo habían pagado, y desde 1992 el cuadro vive en el Museo Reina Sofia de Madrid.
Hay dos cosas muy interesantes que creo debéis saber: Una es que las figuras, y posiblemente el tema, del Guernica las sacó Picasso de su obra «Minotauromaquia» de 1928. La segunda es que cuando estaba pintando el cuadro Picasso llevaba relaciones con tres mujeres: Olga, con quien todavia estaba casado, Marie-Thérèse Walter (la madre de su hija Maya) y Dora Maar. En una ocasión coincidieron Dora Maar y Marie-Thérèse en el estudio y delante del cuadro, que todavia estaba sin terminar, se pelearon las dos mujeres por él, cosa que agrado mucho al machirulo de Picasso. Debo decir que el Museo Reina Sofia guarda las fotos que le hizo Dora Maar documentando el desarrollo de la obra. Estas quizá sean hasta más interesante que la propia obra, digo yo.
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Is «Guernica», the most famous painting in the world? Well, it is said that thousands and thousands daily come to see it. I have visited it a few times and with so many people in the room (of the Reina Sofia Museum) you can hardly take a picture of it, much less take a selfie with it. But hey, this painting has many anecdotes. It was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937, and he only took two months to complete it and it is immense, the canvas measures 776.6 cm × 349.3 cm.
The title refers to the bombing of town of Gernika, in Euskadi, during the Spanish Civil War. But Picasso did not paint it out of indignation or to make a propaganda painting. No, he painted it because it was a commission from Max Aub, general director of Fine Arts, and at the request of the government of the Second Spanish Republic. The idea was to exhibit it in the Spanish pavilion during the 1937 International Exhibition in Paris. The idea was to help the position of the Spanish Republic, in the midst of the civil war. Picasso was paid 200 thousand francs.
Curious fact: The «cost of the Guernica accounted for 15% of the total cost of the Spanish pavilion, about nine times more than the maximum price that Picasso had achieved until then for his best paid work of his Art», (De la Puente, pp. 78-79). Truth be told…
At the beginning of Franco’s dictatorship, Picasso allowed the painting to be taken to the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA). The museum had to return it, acknowledging that the Spaniards had paid for it, and since 1992, the painting has been housed at the Reina Sofia Museum.
There are two very interesting things that I think you should know: one is that the figures, and possibly the theme, of the Guernica, Picasso took them out of his work «Minotauromaquia» from 1928. The second is that when he was painting it he was involved with three women: Olga, with whom he was still married, Marie-Thérèse Walter (the mother of his daughter Maya) and Dora Maar. On one occasion Dora Maar and Marie-Thérèse coincided in the studio, and in front of the painting, which was still unfinished, and the two women fought over him, something that Picasso, a «macho-man» really enjoyed and talked about forever. I must say that the Reina Sofia Museum keeps the photos that Dora Maar took documenting the development of the work. These may be even more interesting than the work itself, I say.
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GRACIAS – CHEERS
Thank you, Francesco, for the history of Art.
Joanna
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Thank you so much Joanna!
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You are more than welcome, Francesco!
Joanna
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«Guernica» was truly a landmark composition. It speaks to the impact of war on civilians and remains relevant.
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Yes, so true, the relevance comes from the fact that the symbols were universal and not directed specifically at the bombing of Gernika, Euskadi… Thank you so much Anna, always such a pleasure to have you drop by. All the best.
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Very interesting back story. Thanks for the information.
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My pleasure, glad you liked it Pat, thank you!
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Very welcome, Francisco.
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